Book references generally include the following components:

• Author's name
• Date of publication
• Title
• Place of publication
• Publisher

They may also contain:

• Edition

The information that is included in a book reference can generally be found on the title page and the title page verso of a book.

Run your mouse cursor over the references below to see the essential components for referencing an authored book in some common referencing styles. 

•  APA 7th style:

Sword, H. (2007). The writer's diet. Pearson Education New Zealand.

•  MLA style: 

Belich, James. Paradise Reforged : A History of the New Zealanders from the 1880s to the Year 2000. Auckland, N.Z.: Penguin Press, 2001. Print.

•  Chicago style:

Cartledge, Paul.  The Greeks : a Portrait of Self and Others. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.

Some books have an editor or editors rather than an author. Edited books often contain chapters written by different authors.

Run your mouse cursor over the references below to see the essential components for referencing an edited book in some common referencing styles.

• APA 7th style:

Sligo, F., Olsson, S., & Wallace, C. (Eds.). (1997). Perspectives in business communication: Theory and practice. Software Technology.

• MLA style:

Scott, John, and Gordon Marshall, eds.  A Dictionary of Sociology. 3rd ed, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005. Print.

• Chicago style: 

Ballantyne, Tony, and Brian Moloughney, eds. Disputed Histories : Imagining New Zealand's Pasts. Dunedin, N.Z.: Otago University Press, 2006.

Book chapters are often written by different authors, with an editor co-ordinating the book.

Book chapter references generally include the following components:

• Author or authors' name(s)
• Date of publication 
• Title of chapter
• Editor(s) of book
• Title of book
• Page numbers of chapter
• Place of publication
• Publisher

They may also contain:

• Edition

Use the title page, title page verso and table of contents to find information required for a book chapter reference.

Run your mouse cursor over each reference to see the essential components of a book chapter reference in some common referencing styles. 

• APA 7th style:

Smith, G. (1997). Reading and writing mathematics. In L. N. Wood & G. Perrett (Eds.),
Advanced mathematical discourse (pp. 5-17). University of Technology.

• MLA style:

Marsden, Maori. "God, Man and Universe: A Maori View." Te ao Hurihuri: The World Moves On: Aspects of Maoritanga Ed. Michael King. Wellington, New Zealand: Hicks Smith, 1975. 191-219. Print.

• Chicago style:

McLean, Margaret. “New Zealand Teachers.” In Introduction to the History of New Zealand Education, edited by Elizabeth Rata and Ros Sullivan, 57-69. Auckland: Pearson Education, 2009.

Journal article references generally include the following components:

• Author or authors
• Date 
• Article title
• Journal title
• Volume and issue
• Page numbers

They may also contain:

• DOI (if available)

Most of the information needed to create a journal article reference can be found on the first page of the article.

Run your mouse cursor over each reference to see the essential components of a journal article reference in some common referencing styles.

• APA 7th style:

Fealy, G. (2004). 'The good nurse': Visions and values in images of the nurse. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 46(6), 649-656. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2004.03056.x

• MLA style:

Salmond, Anne.“Te ao tawhito: A semantic approach to the traditional Maori cosmos.” Journal of the Polynesian Society, 87.1 (1978 ): 5-28. Print.

• Chicago Style:

McEntee, Marie J. "Participation and communication approaches that influence public and media response to scientific risk." The International Journal of Interdisciplinary Social Sciences 2,no. 4 (2007): 195-203.

Web page references generally include the following components:

• Author
• Year of publication
• Title of web page

They may also contain:

• URL
• Date accessed

Run your mouse cursor over each reference to see the essential components of a web page reference in some
common referencing styles. 

• APA 7th style:

Kschischang, F. R. (2000, September 24). Giving a talk: Guidelines for the preparation and presentation of technical seminars. https://www.comm.utoronto.ca/~frank/guide/guide0.html

• MLA style:

Seas, Kristen, and Allen Brizee. “MLA Overview and Workshop.”  Purdue Online Writing Lab. 02 March 2011. Web.  20 Dec 2012.

• Chicago style:

Miller, Grant. “They Made us Proud to be Kiwis.” Fairfax New Zealand Limited.  Accessed 20 December, 2012. http://www.stuff.co.nz/stuff-nation/8093863/They-made-us-proud-to-be-Kiwis