Ecology Writing Guide |
How to reference – examples
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The following examples use APA referencing.
Journal article |
Authors. (Publication date). Title of article. Title of Journal, volume number (issue number, if available), page numbers. Hegland, S. J., Nielsen, A., Lázaro, A., Bjerknes, A.-L. & Totland, Ø. (2009). How does climate warming affect plant-pollinator interactions? Ecology Letters, 12, 184-195. |
Book |
Author. (Year of publication). Title of book. Place of publication: Publisher. Foelix, R. (1988). The Biology of Spiders. (2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. |
Book chapter |
Author(s) of chapter. (Year of publication). Title of chapter. In Editor(s) (Ed[s].), Title of book (pages for chapter in book). Place of publication: Publisher. Burns, B.R., Barker, G., Harris, R., & Innes, J. (2000). Conifers and cows: forest survival in a New Zealand dairy landscape. In J. L. Craig, N. Mitchell & D. A. Saunders (Eds.), Nature Conservation 5: Nature Conservation in Production Environments: Managing the Matrix (pp. 81-89). Chipping Norton: Surrey Beatty and Sons. |
Thesis |
Author (Publication date). Title of thesis (Thesis type). University, Location. Stavert, J.R. (2014). The feeding ecology of endemic New Zealand dung beetles. (MSc thesis, Biosecurity and Conservation). University of Auckland, New Zealand. |
Government report |
Author. (Year of publication). Title of report [Report No. (or additional information about report)]. Place of publication: Government Department Name. Neale, M.W. (2010). State of the Environment Monitoring: River Water Quality Annual Report 2008 [Technical Report 2010/016]. Auckland Regional Council. |
Website (avoid if possible) |
Author(s). (Publication date). Title of Web page. Organisation. Retrieved day, month, year from URL. Ford, K., Glenny, D. & James, T. (2009). NZGrass Key - Key to the grasses of New Zealand. Landcare Research, New Zealand. Retrieved 4 October 2014 from www.landcareresearch.co.nz/research/biosystematics/plants/grasskey/index. |
Personal observations and comments are not referenced. |